Abstract expressionism

Definition

Abstract expressionism is an art movement that emerged in the mid-20th century, characterized by spontaneous, automatic, or subconscious creation. It emphasizes the act of painting itself as a form of expression, prioritizing individual emotion and abstract forms over representational accuracy. This movement shifted the art world’s focus from Europe to the United States and brought to light discussions on power dynamics and privilege in the art community.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Abstract expressionism emerged in the United States after World War II, marking a significant shift in the center of the art world from Europe to America.
2. Key figures in abstract expressionism include artists like Jackson Pollock, Mark Rothko, and Willem de Kooning, who all brought unique styles to the movement.
3. The movement was not only about individual expression but also challenged traditional notions of art by incorporating new materials and techniques.
4. Abstract expressionism has been linked to post-war existentialist thought, as artists sought to convey human emotions and experiences in a rapidly changing world.
5. The commercialization of abstract expressionism led to debates about authenticity and the role of privilege in accessing and promoting this form of art.

Review Questions

• How did abstract expressionism change the conversation around power structures within the art world?
  • Abstract expressionism shifted the focus of the art world from Europe to America, challenging existing power structures that prioritized European artists and styles. The movement's emphasis on individual expression and spontaneity opened doors for diverse voices and experiences within the artistic community. This shift also raised questions about access to resources, recognition, and the privilege associated with being part of this influential movement.
• In what ways did key figures in abstract expressionism challenge traditional artistic conventions?
  • Key figures like Jackson Pollock and Mark Rothko broke away from traditional artistic conventions by embracing abstraction, spontaneity, and non-representational forms. They used innovative techniques such as drip painting and color fields to express deep emotions rather than adhere to realistic representations. This challenge not only redefined what could be considered 'art' but also prompted discussions on who gets to define artistic value in society.
• Critically assess how abstract expressionism reflects broader societal issues related to privilege and representation in the arts.
  • Abstract expressionism serves as a reflection of broader societal issues related to privilege by illustrating who has historically been recognized within the arts. While it promoted individual expression, it also highlighted disparities in access to art education and resources among marginalized communities. The movement's commercialization led to an elite market where only certain artists gained notoriety, further entrenching privilege within the art world. This raises essential questions about representation and equity that are still relevant today.

Related terms

Action Painting: A style within abstract expressionism that emphasizes the physical act of painting, where brushwork and paint application are expressive and often chaotic.

Color Field Painting: A branch of abstract expressionism that focuses on large areas of color, creating a flat surface with a sense of depth and emotional resonance.

New York School: A group of American artists, including many abstract expressionists, who were influential in shaping the movement in New York City during the 1940s and 1950s.