Gargoyles

Definition

Gargoyles are carved stone creatures that are typically attached to buildings, particularly Gothic cathedrals, and are designed to convey water away from the sides of the structure. Beyond their practical purpose as water spouts, they often feature elaborate designs depicting fantastical creatures, animals, or human figures that served both decorative and symbolic functions in medieval architecture. These figures added a sense of mystique and drama to the buildings they adorned while also reflecting the artistic trends and religious beliefs of the time.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Gargoyles were primarily functional, designed to channel rainwater away from the sides of buildings to prevent erosion.
2. In addition to their practical use, gargoyles were believed to ward off evil spirits and protect the sanctity of the church.
3. The term 'gargoyle' is derived from the French word 'gargouille,' which means 'throat' or 'gullet,' reflecting their role in directing water.
4. Many gargoyles were intricately carved with unique designs, often representing biblical figures, mythological creatures, or whimsical beasts.
5. The use of gargoyles became prominent during the Gothic architectural period in the 12th century and remained popular through the 16th century.

Review Questions

• How did gargoyles serve both practical and symbolic purposes in medieval architecture?
  • Gargoyles had a dual role in medieval architecture. Practically, they functioned as water spouts to direct rainwater away from the buildings, preventing erosion and damage. Symbolically, they were believed to ward off evil spirits and protect the sanctity of religious structures, serving as a connection between the spiritual and physical worlds through their elaborate designs.
• Discuss how gargoyles relate to other architectural elements of Gothic cathedrals, such as flying buttresses and grotesques.
  • Gargoyles are closely related to other architectural features of Gothic cathedrals like flying buttresses and grotesques. While gargoyles served a functional purpose as water spouts, flying buttresses provided structural support by transferring weight away from walls. Grotesques, often found alongside gargoyles, featured bizarre forms that contributed to the dramatic aesthetic of Gothic architecture and reflected cultural beliefs about morality and protection.
• Evaluate the cultural significance of gargoyles in medieval society and how they reflect the beliefs and artistic values of the time.
  • Gargoyles held considerable cultural significance in medieval society as symbols of protection against evil while also showcasing the artistic values of the era. Their intricate designs not only displayed the craftsmanship of the period but also communicated religious messages and moral lessons. As a reflection of medieval beliefs, these stone figures embodied the struggle between good and evil, serving both a decorative purpose and acting as reminders of faith within an environment that constantly grappled with spiritual concerns.

Related terms

grotesque: A decorative sculpture that features bizarre or fantastical human and animal forms, often used in Gothic architecture alongside gargoyles.

flying buttress:

An architectural feature that supports the walls of a building by transferring the weight of the roof through an arch to an external support, commonly seen in Gothic cathedrals.

Cathedral: A principal church of a diocese, typically featuring grand architectural styles and important religious functions, often adorned with gargoyles.