Social Norms

Definition

Social norms are the unwritten rules and expectations that govern behavior within a society or group. They shape how individuals interact with one another, influencing decisions, actions, and the development of moral values. Understanding social norms is essential for grasping how people adapt to their environment and the collective behaviors that emerge within different cultural contexts.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Social norms can vary significantly across different cultures and communities, highlighting the diversity of human behavior.
2. They are learned through socialization processes, where individuals internalize societal expectations from family, peers, and media.
3. There are two main types of social norms: descriptive norms, which describe what is commonly done, and injunctive norms, which describe what is typically approved or disapproved in society.
4. Social norms can change over time as societies evolve, reflecting shifts in collective attitudes, values, and beliefs.
5. When individuals violate social norms, they may face consequences such as social disapproval or ostracism from their peers.

Review Questions

• How do social norms influence individual behavior in various social contexts?
  • Social norms play a significant role in shaping individual behavior by establishing expectations for how people should act in different situations. For example, in a classroom setting, the norm might be to raise one's hand before speaking, promoting order and respect among students. In contrast, at a party, the norm may encourage more relaxed interactions. Understanding these expectations helps individuals navigate social environments effectively.
• Discuss the impact of social norms on moral development and how they shape an individual's values.
  • Social norms significantly impact moral development by providing a framework for understanding right and wrong within a community. As individuals grow up, they observe and internalize these norms, which then influence their personal values and ethical beliefs. For instance, norms surrounding honesty may lead individuals to value truthfulness highly. Over time, these values become part of their moral compass, guiding their decisions and actions throughout life.
• Evaluate the role of social norms in promoting conformity and addressing deviance within societies.
  • Social norms serve as mechanisms for promoting conformity among individuals by creating a shared understanding of acceptable behavior. When people conform to these norms, it fosters cohesion and stability within society. However, when someone deviates from established norms, it can lead to various reactions from others, including social sanctions or attempts to reintegrate the individual into acceptable behavior. This dynamic highlights the importance of social norms in maintaining societal order while also illustrating how they can perpetuate exclusion or stigmatization of those who do not conform.

Related terms

Conformity:

The act of aligning one's beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors with those of a group or societal standard.

Deviance: Behavior that violates social norms and expectations, often leading to social sanctions or exclusion.

Values: Core beliefs or principles that guide individual behavior and decision-making, often influenced by cultural and social contexts.