Enhanced geothermal systems

Definition

Enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) are advanced techniques used to extract heat from the Earth by creating artificial reservoirs in hot, dry rock formations. This technology expands the potential for geothermal energy beyond areas with naturally occurring hydrothermal resources by utilizing techniques like hydraulic fracturing to improve fluid flow and heat extraction. EGS plays a crucial role in harnessing renewable energy resources by tapping into the Earth's internal heat, providing a sustainable and low-emission energy source.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Enhanced geothermal systems can be implemented in locations without natural hot springs, broadening the geographical scope for geothermal energy production.
2. EGS can significantly increase the efficiency of heat extraction compared to conventional geothermal systems by improving fluid circulation.
3. This technology has the potential to provide a consistent and reliable source of energy, as the Earth's heat is essentially limitless on a human timescale.
4. Environmental impacts of EGS are generally low, but concerns about induced seismicity due to hydraulic fracturing techniques are monitored and managed.
5. Research and development in EGS technology aim to reduce costs and improve efficiency, making it more competitive with other renewable energy sources.

Review Questions

• How do enhanced geothermal systems differ from conventional geothermal systems in terms of their operational mechanisms?
  • Enhanced geothermal systems differ from conventional geothermal systems primarily in their approach to accessing heat. While conventional systems rely on naturally occurring hydrothermal reservoirs, EGS creates artificial reservoirs by injecting fluid into hot, dry rocks through hydraulic fracturing. This method enhances fluid movement within the rock, allowing for better heat extraction, thus making EGS viable in areas that lack natural geothermal resources.
• Discuss the potential environmental impacts of enhanced geothermal systems and how they are mitigated during operation.
  • Enhanced geothermal systems have a relatively low environmental impact compared to fossil fuels; however, there are concerns about induced seismicity from hydraulic fracturing processes. To mitigate these impacts, careful monitoring of seismic activity is essential during operations. Operators often implement strict guidelines and procedures to minimize risks, including controlling injection rates and pressures to avoid triggering significant earthquakes. These practices help ensure that EGS remains a sustainable and environmentally friendly energy source.
• Evaluate the future prospects of enhanced geothermal systems as a key component of global renewable energy strategies and their role in combating climate change.
  • The future prospects of enhanced geothermal systems are promising as they can play a pivotal role in global renewable energy strategies aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions. EGS can provide a stable and continuous power source that complements intermittent renewables like solar and wind. By tapping into the Earth's vast thermal energy, EGS offers an almost limitless supply of clean energy that can help meet rising global energy demands while significantly reducing reliance on fossil fuels. As technological advancements continue to improve efficiency and reduce costs, EGS may become an essential part of efforts to combat climate change and transition towards a more sustainable energy future.

Related terms

Geothermal Energy: Energy derived from the heat stored beneath the Earth's surface, which can be harnessed for electricity generation and direct heating applications.

Hydraulic Fracturing: A technique used to increase the permeability of rock formations by injecting high-pressure fluid, facilitating better fluid movement and heat extraction in geothermal systems.

Geothermal Reservoir: An underground zone where heat is stored, often containing water or steam that can be tapped for geothermal energy production.