Achilles

Definition

Achilles is a central figure in Greek mythology, known as a legendary hero of the Trojan War and the greatest warrior of the Greek forces. He is famous for his unmatched strength, bravery, and his near invulnerability, except for his heel, which ultimately leads to his demise. His story reflects themes of heroism, honor, and the tragic consequences of rage, making him a pivotal character in various works of art and literature throughout history.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Achilles was the son of Peleus, a mortal king, and Thetis, a sea goddess, which contributed to his extraordinary abilities.
2. His most famous feat was killing Hector in revenge for the death of his close friend Patroclus during the Trojan War.
3. The term 'Achilles' heel' has entered popular language to signify a critical weakness despite overall strength.
4. Achilles is often depicted in art wearing armor crafted by Hephaestus, showcasing his status as an unbeatable warrior.
5. His story illustrates the heroic code in ancient Greece, where honor and glory in battle were paramount, often leading to tragic outcomes.

Review Questions

• How does Achilles embody the qualities of a Greek hero in mythology?
  • Achilles embodies the qualities of a Greek hero through his exceptional strength, combat skills, and central role in significant events like the Trojan War. His actions reflect the values of honor and glory that were essential to Greek culture. However, his character also reveals a more complex side as he grapples with emotions such as rage and grief after losing his friend Patroclus, highlighting both his heroic attributes and his vulnerabilities.
• Discuss how Achilles' relationship with Hector contributes to the themes presented in 'The Iliad.'
  • The relationship between Achilles and Hector is pivotal in 'The Iliad,' as it represents not just personal rivalry but also the broader themes of fate and honor. Their encounters illustrate the tragic nature of war, where personal loss fuels vengeful actions. Achilles’ killing of Hector marks a turning point in the epic, showcasing how revenge can lead to a cycle of violence and sorrow, ultimately culminating in tragedy for both heroes.
• Evaluate the impact of Achilles' legacy on later interpretations of heroism in art and literature.
  • Achilles' legacy has profoundly influenced interpretations of heroism in art and literature across centuries. His portrayal as both a great warrior and a tragic figure speaks to the duality of human nature—strength paired with vulnerability. Artists and writers have drawn upon his narrative to explore themes such as pride, mortality, and the consequences of unchecked rage. This exploration has allowed Achilles to remain relevant in discussions about what it means to be heroic or flawed, shaping cultural narratives about heroes long after ancient Greece.

Related terms

Hector: A Trojan prince and the greatest warrior of Troy, known for his honorable nature and noble fighting spirit, often seen as Achilles' primary adversary in the Trojan War.

The Iliad:

An epic poem by Homer that chronicles the events of the Trojan War, focusing heavily on the conflict between Achilles and Agamemnon, and the hero's internal struggles.

Achilles' Heel: A term used to describe a person's weakness or vulnerability; it originates from the myth of Achilles, who was invulnerable except for his heel.