Capability Approach

Definition

The capability approach is a theoretical framework developed by economist Amartya Sen that emphasizes individuals' abilities to achieve well-being and realize their potential. It shifts the focus from traditional measures of economic development, such as income or wealth, to the actual capabilities and freedoms people have to live the lives they value. This approach is particularly relevant in discussions around poverty reduction strategies and gender equality, as it recognizes the multifaceted nature of well-being beyond mere economic indicators.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The capability approach argues that development should be assessed by the freedoms individuals have to achieve valuable functionings, such as health, education, and participation in society.
2. By focusing on capabilities rather than resources, this approach allows for a better understanding of poverty that accounts for personal circumstances and social contexts.
3. The capability approach highlights the importance of empowerment and agency, particularly for marginalized groups, ensuring their voices are included in decision-making processes.
4. Gender disparities in capabilities can be understood through this framework, which shows how women often face structural barriers limiting their freedoms and opportunities.
5. It encourages policies that not only provide resources but also enhance people's capabilities, thus promoting a more inclusive and sustainable form of development.

Review Questions

• How does the capability approach shift the focus from traditional poverty measures to a more holistic understanding of well-being?
  • The capability approach shifts the focus by prioritizing what individuals can actually do with their resources rather than just how much they have. Traditional poverty measures often rely on income levels, which can overlook personal circumstances that affect well-being. By assessing people's capabilities to pursue valued functionings—like education or health—the approach offers a broader understanding of poverty that recognizes diverse needs and social contexts.
• Discuss the implications of the capability approach for gender equality in development strategies.
  • The capability approach has significant implications for gender equality as it highlights how women's capabilities can be hindered by social norms and structural barriers. By recognizing these obstacles, development strategies can focus on empowering women through education and healthcare access. This framework not only addresses women's needs but also emphasizes their agency in achieving well-being, making it essential for creating equitable development policies.
• Evaluate how applying the capability approach can lead to more effective poverty reduction strategies compared to conventional economic measures.
  • Applying the capability approach leads to more effective poverty reduction strategies by focusing on enhancing individuals' freedoms and opportunities rather than solely increasing income. This comprehensive view allows policymakers to understand the specific challenges faced by different groups, such as women or marginalized communities. By addressing these unique barriers and promoting capabilities like education and healthcare access, strategies can be tailored to foster sustainable development and truly improve people's lives rather than just boosting economic indicators.

Related terms

Functionings: Functionings are the various things a person may value doing or being, which reflect the different ways individuals can achieve well-being.

Social Justice: Social justice is the concept of fair and just relations between individuals and society, which includes equitable distribution of resources and opportunities.

Human Development Index (HDI):

The Human Development Index is a composite index measuring average achievement in key dimensions of human development: health, education, and standard of living.