Posterior Lobe

Definition

The posterior lobe, also known as the neurohypophysis, is the posterior part of the pituitary gland. It is responsible for the storage and release of two important hormones produced by the hypothalamus: oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland is derived from the same embryonic tissue as the hypothalamus, known as the neuroectoderm.
2. The posterior lobe stores and releases two hormones produced by the hypothalamus: oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
3. Oxytocin is involved in the initiation and maintenance of childbirth, as well as the release of milk during breastfeeding.
4. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin, regulates water balance in the body by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys.
5. Damage or dysfunction of the posterior lobe can lead to hormonal imbalances, such as the inability to produce or release sufficient amounts of oxytocin or ADH.

Review Questions

• Explain the role of the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland in the production and release of hormones.
  • The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland, also known as the neurohypophysis, is responsible for the storage and release of two important hormones produced by the hypothalamus: oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH). The posterior lobe acts as a storage and release site for these hormones, which are then secreted into the bloodstream to regulate various physiological processes, such as childbirth, breastfeeding, and water balance in the body.
• Describe the relationship between the hypothalamus, posterior lobe of the pituitary gland, and the production of oxytocin and ADH.
  • The hypothalamus produces oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which are then transported to the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland for storage and release. The posterior lobe acts as a storage and release site for these hormones, allowing them to be secreted into the bloodstream when needed to regulate various physiological processes. This close relationship between the hypothalamus and the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland is essential for the proper production and regulation of these important hormones.
• Analyze the potential consequences of dysfunction or damage to the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
  • Dysfunction or damage to the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland can lead to hormonal imbalances and disruptions in the production and release of oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH). This can result in various health issues, such as the inability to produce or release sufficient amounts of oxytocin, which is crucial for childbirth and breastfeeding, or the inability to properly regulate water balance in the body due to inadequate ADH production. These hormonal imbalances can have significant impacts on an individual's overall health and well-being, highlighting the importance of the posterior lobe in maintaining normal physiological function.

Related terms

Pituitary Gland: The pituitary gland is a small, pea-sized endocrine gland located at the base of the brain. It is often referred to as the 'master gland' because it produces hormones that regulate various bodily functions.

Hypothalamus: The hypothalamus is a small region of the brain that plays a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes, including hormone production, body temperature, and appetite.

Oxytocin: Oxytocin is a hormone produced by the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. It is involved in childbirth, breastfeeding, and social bonding.