Multiple sclerosis

Definition

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks the protective myelin sheath covering nerve fibers, causing communication issues between the brain and the rest of the body. The disease can result in deterioration or permanent damage to nerves.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Multiple sclerosis is treated with disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) that aim to slow disease progression and reduce relapse rates.
2. Common symptoms include fatigue, numbness, walking difficulties, muscle spasms, and cognitive changes.
3. Corticosteroids are often used to manage acute exacerbations by reducing inflammation.
4. Interferon beta and glatiramer acetate are among the first-line injectable DMTs for managing MS.
5. Oral DMTs like fingolimod and dimethyl fumarate offer alternative routes of administration but may have different side effect profiles.

Review Questions

• What are some common symptoms of multiple sclerosis?
• Which medications are commonly used as first-line treatment options for multiple sclerosis?
• How do corticosteroids help in managing multiple sclerosis relapses?

Related terms

Parkinson’s Disease: A neurodegenerative disorder characterized by tremors, stiffness, slowness of movement, and balance problems.

Myelin Sheath:

The protective covering around nerve fibers that aids in efficient transmission of electrical signals.

Autoimmune Disease:

A condition where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues.