Metabolism

Definition

Metabolism is the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms that convert food into energy, build and repair tissues, and manage waste. It encompasses catabolic pathways that break down molecules to produce energy, and anabolic pathways that utilize this energy to construct components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Metabolism is divided into two main categories: anabolism (building up) and catabolism (breaking down).
2. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) represents the minimum amount of energy required for basic physiological functions at rest.
3. Macronutrients like carbohydrates, fats, and proteins play distinct roles in metabolic pathways.
4. Micronutrients such as vitamins and minerals are essential cofactors in various metabolic reactions.
5. Hormones like insulin and glucagon regulate metabolic processes by controlling the uptake, storage, and release of nutrients.

Review Questions

• What are the two main categories of metabolism?
• How do macronutrients contribute to metabolism?
• Why are micronutrients important for metabolic reactions?

Related terms

Anabolism:

The process in metabolism that builds up complex molecules from simpler ones, requiring energy.

Catabolism:

The breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones with the release of energy.

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR): The rate at which the body uses energy while at rest to maintain vital bodily functions.