Period

Definition

A period is a musical structure that consists of two or more phrases, typically with a sense of completion at the end. This structure often involves a clear antecedent-consequent relationship, where the first phrase (antecedent) poses a musical idea and the second phrase (consequent) responds or resolves that idea. Understanding periods is essential for grasping how melodies are constructed and how cadences function within them, as well as for effectively writing in four-part harmony.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. A period usually consists of an antecedent phrase followed by a consequent phrase, creating a sense of tension and resolution.
2. Periods can vary in length and complexity but often adhere to common forms like the 4+4 or 4+8 measures structure.
3. In classical music, the resolution at the end of a period is often marked by an authentic cadence, which solidifies the feeling of closure.
4. Periods can be combined with other periods to create larger musical forms such as phrases and sections within a composition.
5. Recognizing periods in music helps with understanding melodic contour and structural flow, aiding in both analysis and composition.

Review Questions

• How does the concept of a period relate to the construction of melodic contours in music?
  • A period shapes melodic contours by creating clear phrases that provide structure to musical ideas. The antecedent phrase introduces an idea while generating anticipation, and the consequent phrase resolves this idea, resulting in a cohesive musical narrative. This relationship between antecedent and consequent helps composers craft melodies that flow naturally and engage listeners.
• Discuss how different cadence types function within a musical period to enhance its overall structure.
  • Different cadence types play crucial roles within a period by establishing points of tension and resolution. For example, an authentic cadence at the end of the consequent phrase delivers a strong sense of closure, while a half cadence at the end of the antecedent creates suspense. Understanding these cadences allows composers to manipulate expectations and guide listeners through their musical journey.
• Evaluate how mastering periods can improve one's skills in four-part writing and overall composition.
  • Mastering periods enhances four-part writing by enabling composers to create well-structured harmonic progressions that support melodic lines effectively. A solid understanding of how phrases interact within periods allows composers to craft more engaging textures while ensuring voice leading principles are upheld. This skill contributes not only to harmony but also to the ability to develop larger musical forms that resonate with audiences.

Related terms

Phrase:

A phrase is a musical unit that conveys a complete thought, often corresponding to a line of text in vocal music, and typically ends with a cadence.

Antecedent: The antecedent is the first part of a period, presenting a musical idea that creates a sense of expectation leading into the consequent.

Consequent: The consequent is the second part of a period, which responds to the antecedent and often provides closure through a cadence.