CR3

Definition

CR3, also known as the complement receptor 3, is a cell surface receptor that plays a crucial role in the recognition and phagocytosis of pathogens by immune cells, particularly macrophages and neutrophils. It is a member of the integrin family of receptors and is involved in the binding and internalization of opsonized microorganisms, facilitating their destruction and clearance from the body.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. CR3 is a heterodimeric receptor composed of two subunits, CD11b and CD18, which are members of the integrin family.
2. The binding of CR3 to opsonized pathogens triggers the activation of signaling pathways that lead to the rearrangement of the cytoskeleton and the formation of phagocytic cups, facilitating the engulfment and internalization of the target.
3. CR3 can recognize a variety of ligands, including complement proteins (e.g., iC3b), immunoglobulins, and bacterial cell wall components, allowing it to participate in the recognition and phagocytosis of a wide range of pathogens.
4. The expression of CR3 on the surface of macrophages and neutrophils is upregulated in response to inflammatory signals, enhancing the phagocytic capacity of these cells and contributing to the clearance of infections.
5. Deficiencies or dysfunctions in CR3 can lead to impaired phagocytosis and increased susceptibility to certain bacterial and fungal infections, highlighting the importance of this receptor in the innate immune response.

Review Questions

• Explain the role of CR3 in the recognition and phagocytosis of pathogens by immune cells.
  • CR3, also known as the complement receptor 3, is a cell surface receptor that plays a crucial role in the recognition and phagocytosis of pathogens by immune cells, particularly macrophages and neutrophils. As a member of the integrin family, CR3 binds to opsonized pathogens, such as those coated with complement proteins or antibodies, and triggers signaling pathways that lead to the rearrangement of the cytoskeleton and the formation of phagocytic cups. This process facilitates the engulfment and internalization of the target pathogen, allowing for its destruction and clearance from the body. The expression of CR3 on the surface of immune cells is upregulated in response to inflammatory signals, enhancing the phagocytic capacity of these cells and contributing to the innate immune response against infections.
• Describe the relationship between CR3 and the process of opsonization in the context of pathogen recognition and phagocytosis.
  • Opsonization, the process of coating pathogens with specific molecules such as antibodies or complement proteins, plays a crucial role in the recognition and phagocytosis of microorganisms by immune cells. CR3, the complement receptor 3, is a key player in this process. The binding of CR3 to opsonized pathogens, particularly those coated with the complement protein iC3b, triggers the activation of signaling pathways that lead to the rearrangement of the cytoskeleton and the formation of phagocytic cups. This facilitates the engulfment and internalization of the target pathogen by immune cells, such as macrophages and neutrophils, allowing for its subsequent destruction and clearance from the body. The expression of CR3 on the surface of these immune cells is upregulated in response to inflammatory signals, further enhancing their phagocytic capacity and contributing to the innate immune response against infections.
• Analyze the importance of CR3 in the overall function of the innate immune system, particularly in the context of pathogen recognition and phagocytosis.
  • CR3, the complement receptor 3, plays a crucial and multifaceted role in the innate immune system's ability to recognize and phagocytose pathogens. As a member of the integrin family of cell surface receptors, CR3 serves as a key link between the complement system and the phagocytic capabilities of immune cells, such as macrophages and neutrophils. By binding to opsonized pathogens, CR3 triggers signaling pathways that facilitate the engulfment and internalization of these microorganisms, allowing for their subsequent destruction and clearance from the body. The expression of CR3 is upregulated in response to inflammatory signals, further enhancing the phagocytic capacity of these immune cells. Deficiencies or dysfunctions in CR3 can lead to impaired phagocytosis and increased susceptibility to certain bacterial and fungal infections, highlighting the critical importance of this receptor in the overall function of the innate immune system. By mediating the recognition and phagocytosis of a wide range of pathogens, CR3 plays a fundamental role in the body's first line of defense against infectious agents, making it a crucial component of the innate immune response.

Related terms

Opsonization:

The process by which pathogens are coated with specific molecules, such as antibodies or complement proteins, to make them more susceptible to phagocytosis by immune cells.

Phagocytosis:

The process by which immune cells, such as macrophages and neutrophils, engulf and internalize foreign particles, microorganisms, or cellular debris for the purpose of destruction and clearance.

Integrin: A family of cell surface receptors that mediate cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix adhesion, as well as signal transduction, and play a crucial role in various cellular processes.