Arch

Definition

An arch is a structural element that spans an opening and supports weight from above, typically constructed of wedge-shaped stones or bricks. This design distributes weight evenly, allowing for larger and more stable structures, which is essential in Roman architecture and engineering. The introduction of the arch was a key innovation that revolutionized building techniques and allowed for the construction of impressive structures such as aqueducts, bridges, and monumental buildings.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Romans perfected the use of the arch, leading to architectural advancements such as the development of the barrel vault and groin vault.
2. Arches allowed for the construction of large public buildings, enabling a more grandiose architectural style in Roman culture.
3. The use of concrete in combination with arches enabled Romans to build durable structures that have survived for centuries.
4. Arches played a significant role in aqueduct construction, allowing water to be transported over valleys and uneven terrain.
5. The architectural concept of the arch was later influential in Renaissance architecture, demonstrating its lasting impact on building design.

Review Questions

• How did the invention of the arch influence Roman architectural practices?
  • The invention of the arch significantly influenced Roman architectural practices by allowing for greater structural stability and larger spans than previous designs. This innovation enabled the construction of monumental buildings, bridges, and aqueducts that could support considerable weight while also providing aesthetic appeal. The ability to create open spaces without columns revolutionized public architecture, resulting in iconic structures that defined Roman engineering.
• In what ways did the use of arches contribute to the durability and longevity of Roman structures?
  • The use of arches contributed to the durability and longevity of Roman structures through their ability to effectively distribute weight and withstand compressive forces. By using materials such as concrete along with the arch's design, Romans could build strong structures capable of supporting large loads over time. This engineering technique not only made buildings more resilient but also allowed many Roman constructions to endure through centuries, showcasing their advanced understanding of materials and structural principles.
• Evaluate the broader implications of arch technology on subsequent architectural movements after the fall of Rome.
  • After the fall of Rome, arch technology had profound implications for subsequent architectural movements, particularly during the Gothic period. The revival and adaptation of the arch in Gothic cathedrals led to innovations like flying buttresses, which allowed for taller and more intricate designs. This evolution not only reflected advancements in engineering but also contributed to a shift in architectural aesthetics that prioritized light and verticality. The legacy of Roman arches thus continued to influence building practices long after their time, shaping the landscape of European architecture.

Related terms

Keystone: The central stone at the top of an arch that locks the other stones into place and helps distribute weight.

Vault: An extension of the arch that creates a roof or ceiling by forming a series of arches back to back.

Colosseum:

A large amphitheater in Rome, showcasing the use of arches in its construction to create a stable and grand structure for public spectacles.