Krashen's Input Hypothesis

Definition

Krashen's Input Hypothesis posits that language acquisition occurs when learners are exposed to language input that is slightly beyond their current level of competence, referred to as 'i+1'. This theory emphasizes the importance of comprehensible input in language learning, suggesting that understanding messages in a second language facilitates natural language acquisition. The focus on input helps inform methods of teaching that prioritize exposure to meaningful communication over rote memorization.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Krashen proposed five hypotheses regarding second language acquisition, with the Input Hypothesis being one of the most influential in language teaching.
2. The 'i+1' concept is central to the Input Hypothesis, emphasizing that learners should be exposed to language that is just beyond their current understanding to foster growth.
3. This hypothesis supports the idea that interaction and exposure to authentic language are more effective for learning than traditional grammar-focused instruction.
4. Krashen argues that acquisition occurs naturally when learners are focused on understanding messages rather than on the form of the language.
5. Teachers who apply the Input Hypothesis often use strategies such as storytelling, visuals, and real-life scenarios to provide rich and varied language input.

Review Questions

• How does Krashen's Input Hypothesis explain the relationship between language input and acquisition?
  • Krashen's Input Hypothesis explains that language acquisition is facilitated when learners receive input that is slightly above their current level of competence, known as 'i+1'. This means that for effective learning to occur, the input must be understandable yet challenging enough to promote growth. By prioritizing comprehensible input, learners can naturally develop their linguistic abilities through exposure to real communication rather than rote memorization.
• In what ways does the Input Hypothesis challenge traditional methods of language teaching focused on grammar rules?
  • The Input Hypothesis challenges traditional teaching methods by emphasizing the importance of meaningful communication and comprehensible input over explicit grammar instruction. Instead of focusing solely on vocabulary and grammar rules through drills, this approach advocates for immersive experiences where learners engage with authentic language contexts. By doing so, it shifts the goal from mere memorization to fostering an environment where students can acquire language naturally through interaction and understanding.
• Evaluate the implications of Krashen's Input Hypothesis for classroom practices in second language instruction.
  • Evaluating Krashen's Input Hypothesis reveals significant implications for classroom practices in second language instruction. It suggests that educators should create environments rich in comprehensible input, utilizing strategies like storytelling or interactive activities to expose learners to the target language. Additionally, it encourages teachers to consider the emotional states of students through the Affective Filter Hypothesis, ensuring a low-anxiety atmosphere where students feel comfortable taking risks with language. By adopting these principles, classrooms can become more effective settings for natural language acquisition.

Related terms

Comprehensible Input: Language input that learners can understand, which is crucial for facilitating language acquisition.

Natural Approach: A language teaching method developed by Krashen and Terrell that emphasizes communication and comprehension over grammar and vocabulary drills.

Affective Filter Hypothesis: A theory that suggests emotional factors, such as anxiety and motivation, can affect the ability to acquire language, where a high affective filter can hinder learning.