Krashen's Input Hypothesis

Definition

Krashen's Input Hypothesis is a theory in second language acquisition that suggests learners acquire language best when they are exposed to comprehensible input that is slightly beyond their current proficiency level. This means that students learn more effectively when they receive language input that they can understand but also challenges them, promoting natural language development.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Input Hypothesis emphasizes the importance of exposure to meaningful language rather than explicit grammar instruction for effective language acquisition.
2. Krashen posits that language learning occurs in a natural order, meaning that learners progress through stages as they acquire new language structures.
3. A key aspect of the Input Hypothesis is the idea of 'i+1', where 'i' represents the learner's current level and '+1' indicates the next level of comprehension.
4. Teachers can support English Language Learners by providing abundant opportunities for comprehensible input through storytelling, visuals, and interactive activities.
5. The Input Hypothesis underlines the role of context and social interaction in language learning, suggesting that communication in authentic situations enhances acquisition.

Review Questions

• How does Krashen's Input Hypothesis inform teaching strategies for English Language Learners?
  • Krashen's Input Hypothesis suggests that effective teaching strategies for English Language Learners should focus on providing comprehensible input that is slightly above their current proficiency level. This means teachers should use strategies like scaffolding, visuals, and interactive activities to create a rich language environment. By doing so, educators help students grasp new concepts while ensuring they feel confident in their abilities.
• Discuss the implications of Krashen's Input Hypothesis on curriculum design for English Language Learning programs.
  • Krashen's Input Hypothesis has significant implications for curriculum design in English Language Learning programs by promoting a focus on engaging, meaningful content rather than isolated grammar drills. Curricula should prioritize opportunities for students to interact with language in context, utilizing storytelling and real-world applications. This approach not only helps learners acquire language naturally but also fosters motivation and reduces anxiety associated with language learning.
• Evaluate how Krashen's Input Hypothesis interacts with other theories of second language acquisition in shaping effective teaching practices.
  • Evaluating the interaction between Krashen's Input Hypothesis and other theories of second language acquisition reveals a comprehensive approach to effective teaching practices. For instance, combining it with the Affective Filter Hypothesis highlights the importance of creating a supportive environment where learners feel comfortable. Additionally, integrating principles from communicative language teaching can enhance comprehensible input by emphasizing real-life communication scenarios. This multifaceted approach ultimately leads to more effective and enriching experiences for English Language Learners.

Related terms

Comprehensible Input: Language input that can be understood by learners despite being above their current level of proficiency, often referred to as 'i+1'.

Affective Filter Hypothesis: A theory proposing that emotional factors can affect language acquisition; a high affective filter may hinder learning, while a low affective filter enhances it.

Natural Approach: A language teaching method based on the principles of Krashen's theories, emphasizing exposure to comprehensible input and minimizing grammar instruction.