Social exchange theory

Definition

Social exchange theory is a social psychological perspective that views social interactions as a series of exchanges where individuals seek to maximize benefits and minimize costs. This theory suggests that the dynamics of relationships are influenced by the perceived rewards and costs associated with them, which helps in understanding how and why people engage in social relationships and interactions.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Social exchange theory posits that individuals assess their relationships based on perceived rewards, such as emotional support or companionship, against perceived costs like time or effort invested.
2. The theory suggests that relationships continue as long as the perceived rewards exceed the costs, leading to satisfaction and commitment.
3. Social exchange theory can explain why some relationships may deteriorate if one party feels that they are giving more than they are receiving.
4. The theory emphasizes the importance of communication in understanding and negotiating the terms of social exchanges, as clear communication can enhance relationship satisfaction.
5. Different cultures may have varying norms regarding what constitutes acceptable rewards and costs in social exchanges, impacting relationship dynamics.

Review Questions

• How does social exchange theory help explain the maintenance of relationships over time?
  • Social exchange theory explains that relationships are maintained when individuals perceive that the benefits they receive outweigh the costs they incur. When both parties feel satisfied with the balance of rewards and costs, they are more likely to invest further in the relationship. If one party begins to feel that they are putting in more effort without adequate returns, it can lead to dissatisfaction and potential disengagement.
• Discuss how reciprocity plays a role in social exchange theory and its impact on social interactions.
  • Reciprocity is central to social exchange theory as it emphasizes mutual benefit in interactions. When individuals engage in acts of kindness or support, they expect a similar response from others. This expectation fosters trust and strengthens relationships. If reciprocity is lacking, it may lead to feelings of imbalance or resentment, affecting the overall health of the relationship.
• Evaluate the implications of social exchange theory on understanding power dynamics within interpersonal relationships.
  • Social exchange theory highlights that power dynamics can significantly influence interpersonal relationships by shaping how exchanges are perceived and negotiated. Individuals with greater resources or higher status may command more power in interactions, potentially skewing the balance of exchanges. This imbalance can create tension or conflict within relationships, underscoring how crucial awareness of power dynamics is for maintaining healthy interactions.

Related terms

Reciprocity:

The social norm of responding to a positive action with another positive action, creating a mutual exchange in relationships.

Cost-benefit analysis: A systematic approach to evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of alternatives in decision-making, particularly in assessing the value of relationships.

Power dynamics: The ways in which power is distributed and exerted in social relationships, often influencing the nature of exchanges between individuals.