U.S. Congress

Definition

The U.S. Congress is the legislative branch of the federal government, consisting of two houses: the Senate and the House of Representatives. It plays a crucial role in creating laws, overseeing the executive branch, and representing the interests of the American people. The development of Congress has evolved over time, reflecting changes in political, social, and economic landscapes throughout American history.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The U.S. Congress was established by the Constitution in 1789, reflecting the Founding Fathers' intention to create a system of checks and balances.
2. Each state is represented by two senators regardless of population size, while representation in the House is based on population, leading to significant differences in how states influence legislation.
3. Congress has the power to levy taxes, regulate commerce, declare war, and impeach federal officials, showcasing its essential role in governance.
4. Over time, Congress has expanded its role in shaping domestic and foreign policy through various committees and oversight functions.
5. The evolution of Congress has included significant changes like the direct election of senators through the 17th Amendment and reforms aimed at increasing transparency and accountability.

Review Questions

• How has the structure of Congress evolved since its inception and what impact has this had on legislative effectiveness?
  • Since its establishment in 1789, Congress has seen various structural changes that have impacted its legislative effectiveness. The most significant change was the direct election of senators through the 17th Amendment in 1913, which increased public influence over their representation. Additionally, Congress's growth in committees and subcommittees has allowed for more specialized oversight but can also lead to fragmentation and inefficiency in passing legislation.
• Discuss the significance of bicameralism in the U.S. Congress and how it affects the legislative process.
  • Bicameralism is significant because it requires legislation to be approved by both the Senate and the House of Representatives, ensuring a more thorough examination of proposed laws. This dual-chamber structure helps prevent hasty decisions by providing opportunities for debate and amendments. However, it can also lead to gridlock when one chamber disagrees with the other, highlighting the challenges inherent in a system designed for checks and balances.
• Evaluate how historical events have influenced changes in congressional powers and responsibilities throughout American history.
  • Historical events like the Civil War, World Wars, and major social movements have significantly influenced congressional powers and responsibilities. For instance, during times of war, Congress often expands its powers to respond quickly to national needs. Similarly, the civil rights movement led to legislation that enhanced Congress's role in protecting individual rights. These events have shaped not only what Congress can do but also how it engages with issues affecting Americans today, illustrating its adaptive nature in response to changing societal demands.

Related terms

Senate:

The upper house of Congress, composed of 100 senators who serve six-year terms, representing each state equally.

House of Representatives:

The lower house of Congress, consisting of 435 representatives whose numbers from each state are based on population, serving two-year terms.

Bicameralism:

The practice of having two separate chambers within a legislature, which in the case of the U.S. Congress are the Senate and the House of Representatives.