Somatic cell

Definition

A somatic cell is any cell in a multicellular organism that is not involved in sexual reproduction. These cells have two sets of chromosomes, making them diploid.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Somatic cells undergo mitosis to produce identical daughter cells.
2. Unlike gametes, somatic cells are diploid and contain two sets of chromosomes.
3. Mutations in somatic cells can affect the organism but are not passed on to offspring.
4. Somatic cells make up most of the body’s tissues and organs, such as skin, muscle, and bone.
5. In humans, somatic cells have 46 chromosomes (23 pairs).

Review Questions

• What type of cell division do somatic cells undergo?
• How many sets of chromosomes do human somatic cells contain?
• Can mutations in somatic cells be inherited by offspring?

Related terms

Gamete: A reproductive cell that contains half the number of chromosomes as a somatic cell and unites with another to form a new organism.

Mitosis: A process where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells, typically associated with growth and repair.

Diploid: A cell or organism having two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.