Probes are short, single-stranded sequences of DNA or RNA used to detect the presence of complementary sequences in samples. They are often labeled with a radioactive or fluorescent tag for visualization.
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Probes bind specifically to their complementary DNA or RNA sequences through base pairing.
They are commonly used in techniques such as Southern blotting, Northern blotting, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).
Probes can be synthesized to match any sequence of interest, allowing for targeted detection and identification.
The use of labeled probes enables the precise localization of specific genes or genetic material within a complex sample.
Hybridization conditions, such as temperature and salt concentration, must be carefully controlled for probe binding to be specific and effective.
Review Questions
What is the primary function of a probe in molecular biology?
In what types of biochemical assays might you use a probe?
How do hybridization conditions affect the efficacy of probe binding?
Related terms
Hybridization: The process by which a probe binds to its complementary DNA or RNA sequence.
Southern Blotting: A method used to detect specific DNA sequences in DNA samples.
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH): A technique that uses fluorescent probes to visualize the location of specific genetic material within cells.