Bone marrow

Definition

Bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue found within the cavities of bones that is crucial for the production of blood cells. It serves as the primary site for hematopoiesis, the process by which red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are generated, making it essential for maintaining a healthy circulatory and immune system.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Bone marrow is divided into two types: red marrow, which produces blood cells, and yellow marrow, which stores fat.
2. In adults, red marrow is primarily found in flat bones such as the pelvis, sternum, and skull, while yellow marrow is found in long bones.
3. The bone marrow environment provides necessary signals and nutrients for stem cells to differentiate into functional blood cells.
4. Diseases affecting bone marrow, such as leukemia or aplastic anemia, can severely impact blood cell production and overall health.
5. Bone marrow can be extracted for transplantation procedures, helping treat various blood-related diseases by replenishing healthy blood cell production.

Review Questions

• How does bone marrow contribute to the overall function of the circulatory system?
  • Bone marrow plays a vital role in maintaining a healthy circulatory system by producing red blood cells that carry oxygen to tissues and organs. Additionally, it produces white blood cells which are essential for fighting infections and platelets that help with clotting during injuries. Without proper bone marrow function, the body would struggle to maintain adequate oxygen levels and fight off pathogens.
• Discuss how disruptions in bone marrow function can lead to serious health conditions.
  • Disruptions in bone marrow function can lead to serious conditions such as leukemia, where abnormal white blood cells proliferate uncontrollably, or aplastic anemia, where the bone marrow fails to produce sufficient blood cells. These conditions can cause symptoms like fatigue, increased susceptibility to infections, and excessive bleeding. Understanding these implications highlights the importance of healthy bone marrow for overall well-being.
• Evaluate the importance of stem cells in bone marrow and their potential therapeutic applications.
  • Stem cells in bone marrow are crucial for producing all types of blood cells through the process of hematopoiesis. Their pluripotent nature allows them to differentiate into various lineages, making them valuable for therapeutic applications such as bone marrow transplants. These transplants can restore healthy blood cell production in patients with conditions like leukemia or other hematological disorders, showcasing the significant role stem cells play in regenerative medicine.

Related terms

hematopoiesis: The process of forming blood cellular components, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, primarily occurring in the bone marrow.

stem cells: Undifferentiated cells found in bone marrow that have the potential to develop into various types of blood cells, playing a vital role in hematopoiesis.

pluripotent: Referring to stem cells that can differentiate into almost any cell type, including various types of blood cells produced in the bone marrow.