Capabilities approach

Definition

The capabilities approach is a theoretical framework that focuses on what individuals are able to do and to be, emphasizing the importance of personal agency and opportunities in achieving well-being. It moves beyond traditional measures of welfare that concentrate solely on resources or utility, highlighting the significance of enhancing individual capabilities to lead a fulfilling life. This approach connects deeply with ideas surrounding health as a fundamental human right, as it stresses the need for everyone to have access to the means that allow them to live a healthy and dignified life.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The capabilities approach was popularized by economist Amartya Sen, who argued that focusing on capabilities provides a better understanding of human welfare than simply measuring income or resources.
2. This approach emphasizes the importance of individual choice and agency, asserting that people should have the freedom to pursue their own paths to well-being.
3. In the context of health, the capabilities approach highlights that access to healthcare services alone is insufficient; individuals must also have the ability to utilize those services effectively.
4. The capabilities approach has influenced various fields, including development economics, social policy, and public health, shaping discussions around equity and justice.
5. Implementing the capabilities approach in health policy involves assessing not only healthcare access but also social determinants that affect individuals' abilities to maintain good health.

Review Questions

• How does the capabilities approach differ from traditional measures of welfare in assessing health outcomes?
  • The capabilities approach differs from traditional measures of welfare by shifting the focus from mere resources or income levels to what individuals can actually achieve with those resources. While traditional measures might consider access to healthcare or financial means, the capabilities approach emphasizes the importance of personal agency and opportunities. It assesses health outcomes based on whether individuals can effectively utilize healthcare services and lead lives they value, making it a more holistic view of well-being.
• Discuss how the capabilities approach can be applied to improve public health policies aimed at reducing health disparities.
  • Applying the capabilities approach to public health policies involves recognizing the diverse needs and contexts of individuals when designing interventions. This means not only providing healthcare services but also addressing underlying social determinants such as education, housing, and income that impact health outcomes. By focusing on enhancing individual capabilities, policymakers can create tailored solutions that empower marginalized communities, ensuring they have both access to healthcare and the ability to make choices that lead to better health outcomes.
• Evaluate the implications of adopting the capabilities approach for global health initiatives focused on achieving universal health coverage.
  • Adopting the capabilities approach in global health initiatives has significant implications for achieving universal health coverage. It calls for a shift from merely providing healthcare services to ensuring that all individuals have the real opportunity to access and benefit from these services. This means not only addressing economic barriers but also considering cultural, educational, and social factors that influence health behaviors and choices. By prioritizing individual capabilities, global health initiatives can promote equity and ensure that all people, regardless of their circumstances, can lead healthy lives with dignity.

Related terms

Human Development Index (HDI): A composite index used to measure a country's overall development by combining indicators of life expectancy, education, and per capita income.

Social Justice: The concept of creating a fair and equal society by addressing inequalities in wealth, opportunities, and privileges within a society.

Well-being: A holistic assessment of an individual's quality of life, encompassing physical, mental, and social aspects that contribute to their overall happiness and fulfillment.