Eiffel Tower

Definition

The Eiffel Tower is a wrought-iron lattice tower located on the Champ de Mars in Paris, France, and was completed in 1889 as the entrance arch to the 1889 World's Fair. This iconic structure symbolizes architectural innovation and the use of iron in construction during the late 19th century, showcasing advances in engineering and aesthetics that transformed how structures were built.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Eiffel Tower stands at a height of approximately 1,083 feet (330 meters) and was the tallest man-made structure in the world until the completion of the Chrysler Building in New York City in 1930.
2. The design of the Eiffel Tower was initially met with criticism from some artists and intellectuals who considered it an eyesore, yet it has since become one of the most recognized structures in the world.
3. The tower is constructed from over 18,000 individual iron parts held together by 2.5 million rivets, demonstrating advanced engineering techniques of the time.
4. Each year, millions of visitors climb or take elevators to view Paris from its observation decks, making it one of the most visited paid monuments globally.
5. The Eiffel Tower was originally intended to be a temporary structure for the World's Fair but was repurposed as a radio transmission tower, contributing to its continued existence.

Review Questions

• How did the construction of the Eiffel Tower reflect technological innovations in architecture during the late 19th century?
  • The construction of the Eiffel Tower showcased significant technological innovations by utilizing wrought iron, which allowed for greater height and intricate design compared to traditional materials. Its lattice structure not only contributed to its aesthetic appeal but also enhanced stability while minimizing material usage. This was a pivotal moment in architectural history as it set a precedent for future skyscrapers and iron structures, marking a shift towards modern engineering techniques.
• Discuss the societal reactions to the Eiffel Tower during its early years and how public perception evolved over time.
  • Initially, the Eiffel Tower faced significant backlash from artists and intellectuals who deemed it an eyesore and an affront to Parisian beauty. However, over time, as it became a symbol of innovation and artistic achievement, public perception shifted dramatically. The tower evolved from a controversial structure into an iconic emblem of Paris, representing not only architectural prowess but also national pride during France's industrial age.
• Evaluate the impact of the Eiffel Tower on modern architecture and its influence on subsequent engineering projects around the world.
  • The Eiffel Tower had a profound impact on modern architecture by demonstrating the potential of iron as a primary building material and influencing future designs worldwide. Its innovative use of materials and structural techniques paved the way for taller buildings and complex constructions that followed. Architects and engineers have drawn inspiration from its design principles, leading to advancements in skyscraper construction and establishing new standards in urban architecture that continue to shape skylines today.

Related terms

Wrought Iron: A tough, malleable form of iron used in the construction of the Eiffel Tower, known for its ductility and ability to be shaped into intricate designs.

Gustave Eiffel: The French engineer whose company designed and built the Eiffel Tower, known for his contributions to metal structures and engineering during the industrial revolution.

World's Fair: An international exhibition showcasing achievements of nations, where the Eiffel Tower was first introduced to the public as a marvel of modern engineering.