Portuguese trade

Definition

Portuguese trade refers to the extensive commercial network established by Portugal during the Age of Exploration, which began in the late 15th century. This trade was characterized by the establishment of maritime routes and trading posts, allowing Portugal to control valuable trade in spices, gold, and other goods from Africa, Asia, and South America. The Portuguese played a crucial role in developing maritime empires that influenced global commerce.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Portugal established trading posts along the coasts of Africa, India, and Brazil, creating a vast network that facilitated the exchange of goods and cultural influences.
2. The discovery of the sea route to India by Vasco da Gama in 1498 was pivotal for Portuguese trade, as it opened up direct access to the lucrative spice markets in Asia.
3. The Portuguese utilized their naval superiority to dominate trade routes, often engaging in military actions to protect their interests against rival powers.
4. Key trading hubs established by the Portuguese included Goa in India and Malacca in Southeast Asia, both crucial for controlling spice trade routes.
5. The impact of Portuguese trade extended beyond commerce; it also led to cultural exchanges and the spread of Christianity in regions where they established influence.

Review Questions

• How did the development of maritime technology, like the caravel, influence Portuguese trade during the Age of Exploration?
  • The development of maritime technology, particularly the caravel, greatly influenced Portuguese trade by enabling explorers to navigate previously treacherous waters with greater ease. The caravel's design allowed for better maneuverability and speed, making it possible for Portuguese traders to reach distant markets in Africa and Asia. This technological advancement played a key role in establishing Portugal as a dominant maritime power, facilitating the expansion of its trade networks.
• Discuss the significance of the Treaty of Tordesillas on Portuguese trade routes and its effects on global commerce.
  • The Treaty of Tordesillas was significant for Portuguese trade as it formalized the division of newly discovered lands between Portugal and Spain, thereby reducing competition between the two powers. This agreement allowed Portugal to focus on establishing its trading posts in Africa and Asia without interference from Spain. The treaty shaped global commerce by delineating spheres of influence, enabling both nations to exploit resources and engage in trade more effectively in their designated territories.
• Evaluate the long-term consequences of Portuguese trade on both European economies and the regions involved in this trade network.
  • The long-term consequences of Portuguese trade were profound for both European economies and the regions involved. Economically, Portugal's control over spice routes enriched its treasury and laid foundations for future European colonial empires. However, it also led to significant exploitation and disruption in regions like India and Africa, where local economies were altered due to European demand for resources. Culturally, this exchange fostered interactions that contributed to globalization but also resulted in conflict, colonialism, and lasting social changes within these societies.

Related terms

Caravel: A small, highly maneuverable ship developed by the Portuguese that was essential for long-distance exploration and trade during the Age of Exploration.

Treaty of Tordesillas: A 1494 agreement between Portugal and Spain that divided newly discovered lands outside Europe between the two nations along a meridian.

Spice Trade: The lucrative trade in spices such as pepper, cinnamon, and cloves, which was a driving force behind Portuguese exploration and expansion into Asia.