Monetary Policy: Monetary policy refers to the actions taken by a central bank (like the Federal Reserve in the U.S.) to control money supply, interest rates, and stabilize prices.
Fiscal Policy: Fiscal policy refers to how the government uses its spending and taxation powers to influence aggregate demand, stabilize the economy or achieve specific goals like reducing unemployment.
Supply-side Economics: Supply-side economics focuses on stimulating economic growth by encouraging producers through measures such as tax cuts or deregulation.