Political Conservatism

Definition

Political conservatism is an ideology that emphasizes the importance of tradition, established institutions, and a cautious approach to change. It often prioritizes stability, order, and the preservation of cultural and societal norms over radical reforms or revolutionary movements. In the context of social theories like Darwinism and Social Darwinism, conservatism manifests as resistance to progressive ideas that challenge the status quo or promote social equality.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Political conservatism gained traction in Europe during the 19th century as a response to the political upheavals caused by the French Revolution and industrialization.
2. Conservatives typically oppose rapid social change and advocate for gradual reform that respects existing institutions and cultural traditions.
3. In the context of Social Darwinism, political conservatives may argue that societal hierarchies are natural and should be preserved rather than dismantled.
4. Conservatives often emphasize the importance of family, religion, and community as foundational elements for maintaining social order.
5. Prominent conservative thinkers include Edmund Burke, who critiqued radical change and argued for the importance of tradition in governance.

Review Questions

• How does political conservatism relate to Social Darwinism in terms of societal structures?
  • Political conservatism often aligns with Social Darwinism by supporting the idea that existing social hierarchies are natural and beneficial for societal stability. Conservatives may argue that these hierarchies reflect inherent differences among individuals and should not be disrupted by radical reforms aimed at promoting equality. This perspective reinforces conservative values of tradition and stability while justifying resistance to social movements advocating for change.
• Discuss the impact of 19th-century events on the development of political conservatism as a response to liberal ideas.
  • The tumultuous events of the 19th century, such as the French Revolution and the rise of liberal ideologies, significantly shaped political conservatism. These events created fears about social chaos and disorder, leading conservatives to advocate for stability through traditional institutions like monarchy and established religion. This reaction against liberal ideas emphasized a cautious approach to change and reinforced the belief that maintaining historical continuity was essential for societal well-being.
• Evaluate how political conservatism's emphasis on tradition impacts contemporary discussions around social policies related to equality and reform.
  • Political conservatism's emphasis on tradition plays a critical role in shaping contemporary debates around social policies related to equality and reform. Conservatives often argue that rapid changes can undermine societal cohesion and stability, advocating for a more measured approach to policy-making. This resistance can manifest in opposition to movements aimed at increasing social equity or redefining cultural norms, leading to tension between progressive agendas seeking immediate change and conservative perspectives advocating for gradual evolution grounded in historical precedents.

Related terms

Liberalism:

A political ideology that advocates for individual freedoms, social equality, and democratic governance, often in opposition to conservative principles.

Social Darwinism:

A belief system that applies the concept of 'survival of the fittest' to human societies, often used to justify social hierarchies and inequalities.

Traditionalism: An ideological stance that values established customs and practices, often seeking to maintain historical continuity in social and political life.