Nationalist movements were social and political movements during the 19th century that aimed to unite people who shared common language, culture, history, or ethnicity into independent nations.
Self-determination: Self-determination is the idea that people belonging to a particular nation should have the right to choose their own political status or form their own government.
Nation-state: A nation-state is a sovereign state (an independent country) whose citizens share a common national identity based on factors such as language, culture, or history.
Liberalism: Liberalism is a political ideology that emphasizes individual rights, freedoms, and the rule of law, often advocating for limited government intervention in the economy and society.