AP European History
Monarchs are sovereign heads of state, usually kings or queens, who hold significant power and authority over a territory and its people. Their rule often involves hereditary succession, and they can embody the state's government and its traditions. Throughout history, the role of monarchs has evolved, particularly during pivotal shifts in governance, such as the rise of new centralized states, the clash between absolutism and constitutionalism, and the emergence of enlightened thinking.