Recycling: Recycling is the process of converting waste materials into new products. It involves collecting and processing used materials to create new items instead of throwing them away.
Waste management: Waste management encompasses all activities involved in handling waste materials, including collection, transportation, disposal, and recycling.
Life cycle assessment (LCA): LCA is a method used to evaluate the environmental impacts associated with a product or service throughout its entire life cycle, from raw material extraction to disposal.