Gastric lavage

Definition

Gastric lavage is a medical procedure used to clear the stomach of its contents, typically performed to treat poisoning or overdose. This technique involves inserting a tube into the stomach through the mouth or nose and flushing it with a saline solution, effectively removing toxic substances before they can be absorbed into the bloodstream. Gastric lavage is often utilized as a supportive care measure and may also play a role in conjunction with antidotes and other treatments.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Gastric lavage is most effective when performed within one hour of ingestion of a toxic substance, as this maximizes the chances of removing it from the stomach.
2. The procedure carries risks such as aspiration pneumonia, esophageal injury, and electrolyte imbalances, making careful consideration essential before proceeding.
3. Gastric lavage is generally not recommended for all types of poisonings, especially with corrosive substances or when the patient is unconscious due to the risk of aspiration.
4. It is essential to monitor the patient's vital signs and overall condition during and after gastric lavage to identify any potential complications promptly.
5. In cases where gastric lavage is contraindicated or ineffective, alternative methods like activated charcoal or other antidotes may be employed for decontamination.

Review Questions

• What factors determine whether gastric lavage is an appropriate treatment option for a patient who has ingested a toxic substance?
  • Factors that determine the appropriateness of gastric lavage include the time elapsed since ingestion, the type of toxic substance consumed, and the patient's overall condition. Gastric lavage is most effective within one hour post-ingestion and is not advisable for corrosive substances or if the patient is unconscious due to aspiration risks. A thorough assessment by medical personnel is crucial to make an informed decision regarding this procedure.
• Evaluate the potential risks associated with gastric lavage and how these risks compare to other decontamination methods.
  • Gastric lavage carries several risks, including aspiration pneumonia, injury to the esophagus, and electrolyte imbalances. In contrast, alternatives like activated charcoal have fewer complications but are not suitable for all poisonings. The choice between gastric lavage and other methods should be based on specific clinical situations, considering both the efficacy and safety profiles of each approach in managing toxicity.
• Synthesize information about gastric lavage's role in supportive care and its interaction with antidotes in treating poisonings.
  • Gastric lavage serves as an important supportive care strategy aimed at minimizing toxin absorption in acute poisoning cases. Its effectiveness can enhance the action of antidotes by reducing the overall burden of toxic substances present in the gastrointestinal tract. However, careful evaluation is necessary, as certain situations may preclude its use, requiring reliance on antidotes alone or other decontamination methods to ensure patient safety and optimal treatment outcomes.

Related terms

Activated charcoal: A substance used to treat certain types of poisoning by adsorbing toxins in the gastrointestinal tract, preventing their absorption into the bloodstream.

Emesis: The act of vomiting, which can be induced in cases of poisoning to expel toxic substances from the stomach.

Decontamination: The process of removing or neutralizing toxic substances from the body, often involving procedures like gastric lavage or the administration of activated charcoal.