Gastric lavage

Definition

Gastric lavage is a medical procedure used to cleanse the stomach by flushing it with a saline solution, often to remove ingested toxins or poisons. This process is particularly important in emergency situations where a patient has consumed harmful substances, as it helps minimize absorption into the bloodstream and mitigates the effects of the poison.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Gastric lavage is most effective when performed within one hour of ingestion of the toxic substance.
2. The procedure involves inserting a tube through the nose or mouth into the stomach to deliver the saline solution, which is then suctioned out along with stomach contents.
3. It's essential to assess the patient's condition before performing gastric lavage, as it may not be suitable for all types of poisonings, especially if the patient is unconscious or has ingested corrosive substances.
4. While gastric lavage can reduce the amount of toxin absorbed, it is not always necessary; alternatives like activated charcoal may be preferred depending on the situation.
5. Post-procedure monitoring is crucial, as complications such as aspiration pneumonia or electrolyte imbalances can occur if gastric lavage is not conducted properly.

Review Questions

• How does gastric lavage compare to other methods of treating poisoning, such as activated charcoal?
  • Gastric lavage and activated charcoal are both methods used to treat poisoning, but they work differently. Gastric lavage physically removes toxins from the stomach before they can enter the bloodstream, making it effective in certain emergencies. On the other hand, activated charcoal absorbs toxins in the gastrointestinal tract and can be administered even after some time has passed since ingestion. The choice between these methods depends on factors like timing, type of poison, and patient's condition.
• What are the potential risks associated with performing gastric lavage in an emergency situation?
  • Performing gastric lavage carries several risks, especially if not done carefully. One major risk is aspiration pneumonia, which can occur if stomach contents are inhaled into the lungs during the procedure. Other complications include electrolyte imbalances and damage to the esophagus or stomach lining. Because of these risks, careful assessment and monitoring of the patient's condition are essential prior to and after performing gastric lavage.
• Evaluate how gastric lavage fits into the broader framework of first aid protocols for poisoning incidents.
  • Gastric lavage plays a critical role in first aid for poisoning incidents, particularly in cases where quick action is needed to limit toxin absorption. It is part of a comprehensive approach that includes initial assessment, contacting poison control centers, and considering alternatives like activated charcoal. Understanding when and how to use gastric lavage effectively can significantly improve patient outcomes in acute poisoning cases. It emphasizes the need for trained professionals to evaluate each situation individually and make informed decisions about treatment options.

Related terms

activated charcoal:

A substance often used in poisoning cases to absorb toxins in the gastrointestinal tract, preventing further absorption into the body.

emesis: The act of vomiting, which may occur naturally or be induced to expel ingested substances from the stomach.

poison control center: A specialized resource that provides immediate advice and treatment recommendations for poisoning incidents.