Diclofenac

Definition

Diclofenac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to relieve pain and reduce inflammation. It works by inhibiting the enzymes responsible for producing prostaglandins, which are chemicals that promote inflammation and pain. Despite its effectiveness in managing conditions such as arthritis and acute pain, diclofenac is also associated with potential hepatotoxic effects, which can lead to liver injury in some individuals.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Diclofenac is commonly prescribed for various conditions, including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and musculoskeletal pain.
2. The drug can be administered in various forms, including oral tablets, topical gels, and injections, allowing for flexibility in treatment options.
3. While effective for many patients, diclofenac use has been linked to an increased risk of liver enzyme elevations, indicating potential liver damage.
4. Regular monitoring of liver function tests is recommended for individuals on long-term diclofenac therapy to detect any signs of hepatotoxicity early.
5. Diclofenac's hepatotoxic effects may be dose-dependent, meaning higher doses can increase the risk of liver injury.

Review Questions

• How does diclofenac work at the biochemical level to reduce pain and inflammation?
  • Diclofenac functions by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, specifically COX-1 and COX-2, which are critical in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Prostaglandins are involved in promoting inflammation and pain sensation. By blocking these enzymes, diclofenac effectively lowers the production of prostaglandins, leading to decreased inflammation and relief from pain.
• Discuss the potential risks associated with long-term use of diclofenac in relation to liver health.
  • Long-term use of diclofenac can pose significant risks to liver health due to its hepatotoxic potential. Patients on prolonged diclofenac therapy may experience elevated liver enzymes, indicating possible liver damage or dysfunction. It's crucial for healthcare providers to monitor liver function regularly and assess the necessity of continuing therapy, as well as consider alternative pain management options when warranted.
• Evaluate the implications of diclofenac's hepatotoxicity on clinical decision-making regarding pain management strategies.
  • The hepatotoxicity associated with diclofenac necessitates careful consideration in clinical decision-making for pain management. Providers must weigh the benefits of effective pain relief against the potential risks to liver health. This evaluation involves assessing patient history, considering alternative NSAIDs or therapies with lower hepatic risk, and ensuring regular monitoring of liver function tests. By incorporating these factors into treatment plans, clinicians can minimize adverse effects while still addressing patients' pain effectively.

Related terms

Hepatotoxicity: The potential of a substance to cause damage to the liver, which can result in liver dysfunction or failure.

Prostaglandins:

A group of lipid compounds that have diverse hormone-like effects in the body, including promoting inflammation and pain.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): A class of medications that reduce inflammation, relieve pain, and lower fever without the use of steroids.