Vault

Definition

A vault is an architectural structure that forms a roof or ceiling by means of an arch or series of arches, providing a curved shape that supports weight and spans large spaces. This construction technique allows for open interior spaces and the ability to create grand, monumental structures. In ancient Rome, vaults were essential for constructing buildings like basilicas and temples, often combined with the use of Roman concrete to enhance stability and durability.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Vaults allowed Roman architects to create vast interior spaces without the need for numerous supporting columns.
2. The use of barrel vaults and groin vaults was particularly common in Roman architecture, showcasing their advanced engineering skills.
3. Roman concrete played a crucial role in the development of vaults, as it provided the necessary strength to support heavy structures.
4. Famous examples of vaulted architecture include the Pantheon in Rome, which features a coffered dome that demonstrates the potential of vaulting techniques.
5. The innovations in vault construction influenced later architectural styles, paving the way for the development of Gothic cathedrals and other monumental buildings.

Review Questions

• How did the introduction of vaults impact Roman architectural design and functionality?
  • The introduction of vaults significantly transformed Roman architectural design by allowing for larger, more open interior spaces without compromising structural integrity. This innovation led to the construction of grand public buildings such as basilicas and temples, which could accommodate large crowds and serve important civic functions. Additionally, vaults facilitated creative aesthetic expressions, enabling architects to push the boundaries of design through intricate shapes and forms.
• Discuss the relationship between Roman concrete and vault construction in ancient Rome.
  • Roman concrete was integral to vault construction because it provided unmatched strength and flexibility, allowing architects to create larger and more complex structures than previously possible. The durability of opus caementicium enabled builders to construct various types of vaults, including barrel and groin vaults, which could bear significant weight while spanning expansive areas. This relationship showcased how advancements in materials directly influenced architectural innovation in ancient Rome.
• Evaluate the influence of Roman vaults on subsequent architectural movements and styles throughout history.
  • The innovations in vaulted architecture during ancient Rome had a profound influence on subsequent architectural movements, particularly during the Renaissance and Gothic periods. The techniques developed by Roman engineers inspired architects to adopt similar forms in their designs, leading to iconic structures like Gothic cathedrals characterized by ribbed vaults and soaring ceilings. Furthermore, the principles behind vaulting continued to evolve, influencing modern architecture by integrating strength with aesthetic appeal in contemporary building designs.

Related terms

Arch:

A curved structure that spans an opening and supports weight above it, forming the basis for vault construction.

Dome: A rounded vault forming the roof of a building, typically hemispherical, that creates a large open space underneath.

Opus Caementicium: The Roman term for concrete, which was a revolutionary building material that allowed for stronger and more durable construction techniques, including vaults.