Telophase

Definition

Telophase is the final stage of mitosis, where the separated chromosomes reach the opposite poles of the cell and begin to de-condense back into chromatin. During this phase, the nuclear envelope re-forms around each set of chromosomes, resulting in the formation of two distinct nuclei within the cell. This process is crucial for ensuring that each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes during cell division.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. During telophase, the chromosomes de-condense, returning to their less tightly packed form known as chromatin.
2. The nuclear envelope reforms around each set of chromosomes, effectively creating two separate nuclei in one cell.
3. Telophase is preceded by anaphase, where sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite ends of the cell.
4. This phase marks the end of mitosis, but is closely followed by cytokinesis, which completes the overall process of cell division.
5. In animal cells, a cleavage furrow forms during cytokinesis to help separate the two daughter cells, while plant cells form a cell plate.

Review Questions

• Explain how telophase contributes to the overall process of mitosis and what changes occur in the cell during this phase.
  • Telophase plays a crucial role in concluding mitosis by ensuring that each set of chromosomes is properly enclosed within its own nucleus. During this phase, chromosomes that were previously condensed begin to de-condense back into chromatin. Additionally, the nuclear envelope re-forms around each cluster of chromosomes at opposite ends of the cell. These changes are vital for preparing the genetic material for the next generation of daughter cells.
• Discuss the relationship between telophase and cytokinesis and how these processes ensure successful cell division.
  • Telophase and cytokinesis are interlinked processes that collectively ensure successful cell division. While telophase focuses on the reformation of nuclei and de-condensation of chromosomes, cytokinesis involves the physical separation of the cytoplasm and organelles to form two distinct daughter cells. In animal cells, this is achieved through a cleavage furrow that pinches the cell membrane inward, while in plant cells, a new cell wall forms along the cell plate. Together, these processes result in two viable daughter cells, each containing a complete set of genetic information.
• Evaluate the significance of telophase in maintaining genetic stability across generations of cells and how errors during this phase might lead to issues like cancer.
  • Telophase is essential for maintaining genetic stability as it ensures that each daughter cell receives an accurate and complete set of chromosomes. If errors occur during telophase—such as improper chromosome separation or failure to reform nuclear envelopes—this can lead to aneuploidy or other chromosomal abnormalities. Such genetic instabilities are linked to diseases like cancer, where uncontrolled cell division occurs due to malfunctioning regulatory mechanisms. Therefore, understanding telophase's role highlights its importance in cellular health and disease prevention.

Related terms

Mitosis:

The process of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells, comprising several phases including prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

Cytokinesis: The division of the cytoplasm that follows mitosis, leading to the physical separation of the two daughter cells.

Chromatin: The complex of DNA and protein found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells that condenses to form chromosomes during cell division.