Measurement-based quantum computation

Definition

Measurement-based quantum computation is a model of quantum computation where the computational process is driven by the measurement of qubits in a highly entangled state, rather than by applying gates sequentially. This approach allows for complex quantum operations to be performed through a series of measurements, transforming the state of the qubits based on the outcomes of these measurements. It is closely linked to the concepts of entanglement and cluster states, which are foundational in enabling robust quantum technologies.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Measurement-based quantum computation leverages entangled states, often represented as cluster states, which provide a resource for performing computations through measurement.
2. In this model, each measurement collapses the state of the qubits and can trigger subsequent measurements, creating a chain reaction that ultimately leads to the desired computational output.
3. The process typically begins with an initial state preparation involving entangled qubits before measurements are performed, highlighting the importance of entanglement in this computational model.
4. This approach can be more fault-tolerant compared to traditional gate-based quantum computation, as it inherently incorporates error correction through its measurement protocols.
5. Measurement-based quantum computation can be applied in various quantum algorithms and protocols, showcasing its versatility in the landscape of quantum information science.

Review Questions

• How does measurement-based quantum computation differ from gate-based models in terms of operational mechanics?
  • Measurement-based quantum computation fundamentally differs from gate-based models by relying on measurements as the primary drivers of computation instead of applying gates sequentially. In this model, qubits are initially prepared in an entangled state, such as a cluster state, and their measurements dictate the flow of information and result in the necessary transformations. This contrast emphasizes how entanglement plays a crucial role in the process, allowing complex operations to be realized through measurement outcomes rather than traditional gate manipulations.
• Discuss the significance of cluster states in relation to measurement-based quantum computation and how they facilitate computational tasks.
  • Cluster states are vital to measurement-based quantum computation as they provide a structured form of entanglement that enables efficient processing of quantum information. By utilizing a graph-like arrangement, cluster states allow for localized measurements that can cascade into complex transformations necessary for computation. Each measurement on a qubit influences others based on their entangled relationships within the cluster, thus facilitating various computational tasks without requiring extensive gate operations. This highlights how cluster states serve as a resource for robust and adaptable quantum computing methodologies.
• Evaluate the potential advantages and challenges of implementing measurement-based quantum computation in practical applications compared to traditional models.
  • The implementation of measurement-based quantum computation presents several potential advantages, including increased fault tolerance and flexibility in error correction due to its reliance on measurements rather than gate sequences. This model can also leverage existing entangled states for various computational tasks, making it adaptable to different scenarios. However, challenges remain in terms of efficiently preparing and maintaining cluster states, particularly as scalability becomes an issue in larger systems. Balancing these benefits against practical hurdles is essential for realizing its full potential in real-world applications.

Related terms

Entanglement: A quantum phenomenon where two or more particles become interconnected in such a way that the state of one particle instantly influences the state of another, regardless of the distance separating them.

Cluster States: A specific type of entangled state that forms the basis for measurement-based quantum computation, where qubits are arranged in a graph structure that allows for efficient quantum information processing through measurements.

Quantum Gates: Basic building blocks of quantum circuits that manipulate qubits, analogous to classical logic gates but operating under the rules of quantum mechanics.