Jainism

Definition

Jainism is an ancient Indian religion that emphasizes non-violence, truth, and asceticism. It teaches that the path to spiritual purity and enlightenment is achieved through ethical living, self-discipline, and the practice of non-attachment to material possessions. In Jainism, the concepts of reincarnation and karma are central, as they explain the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth, which can be transcended through righteous living.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Jainism teaches that every living being has a soul (jiva) that can achieve liberation (moksha) through right conduct, knowledge, and faith.
2. The practice of strict vegetarianism is vital in Jainism as it aligns with the principle of ahimsa, ensuring minimal harm to other beings.
3. Jains believe in the cycle of samsara, where souls undergo endless cycles of birth and rebirth until they attain liberation.
4. Karma in Jainism is viewed as a physical substance that attaches to the soul based on one's actions, impacting future existences.
5. There are two main sects in Jainism: Digambara, who believe that ascetics should be naked to show detachment from material things, and Svetambara, who allow ascetics to wear simple white clothing.

Review Questions

• How does Jainism's view on karma influence the way adherents approach their daily lives?
  • In Jainism, karma is seen as a powerful force that affects one's future lives based on current actions. This belief encourages adherents to engage in ethical conduct and practice non-violence in all aspects of life. By understanding that their actions have immediate and long-term consequences, Jains are motivated to live responsibly and mindfully, striving for spiritual growth and ultimately aiming for liberation from the cycle of rebirth.
• Discuss the significance of ahimsa in Jainism and how it shapes the lifestyle choices of its followers.
  • Ahimsa, or non-violence, is foundational in Jainism and directly influences the lifestyle choices of its followers. This commitment leads Jains to adopt strict vegetarian diets, avoid harm to insects and animals, and practice compassion towards all living beings. The emphasis on ahimsa not only fosters ethical living but also extends to thoughts and words, promoting a holistic approach to minimizing harm in all forms.
• Evaluate the relationship between Jain concepts of reincarnation and karma and their implications for moral responsibility.
  • In Jainism, reincarnation is intricately linked to karma, where the soul is reborn into various forms based on accumulated actions from past lives. This relationship underscores a strong sense of moral responsibility; individuals are accountable for their actions across lifetimes. As each action generates karmic consequences that influence future births, followers are encouraged to act ethically, fostering an awareness that transcends immediate existence and impacts their spiritual journey toward liberation.

Related terms

Ahimsa: The principle of non-violence towards all living beings, which is a fundamental tenet of Jainism.

Karma: In Jainism, karma refers to the moral law of cause and effect, where actions in one life influence future rebirths.

Tirthankara: A spiritual teacher in Jainism who has attained enlightenment and serves as a guide for others on the path to liberation.