Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

Definition

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are a class of antidepressant medications that work by inhibiting the activity of monoamine oxidase enzymes. This increases the levels of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine in the brain.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. MAOIs can cause dangerous interactions with certain foods and other medications due to their effect on monoamine oxidase enzymes.
2. Patients taking MAOIs must avoid tyramine-rich foods like aged cheeses and cured meats to prevent hypertensive crises.
3. Common side effects of MAOIs include dizziness, insomnia, weight gain, and sexual dysfunction.
4. MAOIs are often prescribed when other antidepressants have not been effective due to their potential for severe side effects and dietary restrictions.
5. Examples of MAOIs include phenelzine (Nardil), tranylcypromine (Parnate), and isocarboxazid (Marplan).

Review Questions

• What is the primary mechanism by which MAOIs increase neurotransmitter levels in the brain?
• Why must patients on MAOIs avoid foods rich in tyramine?
• List three common side effects associated with the use of MAOIs.

Related terms

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs): A class of antidepressants that specifically inhibit the reuptake of serotonin in the brain.

Tyramine: An amino acid found in various foods that can interact dangerously with MAOIs causing hypertensive crises.

Hypertensive Crisis: A potentially life-threatening condition marked by extremely high blood pressure, which can occur if patients on MAOIs consume tyramine-rich foods.