Infiltration

Definition

Infiltration refers to the unintended leakage or accumulation of a drug or fluid into the tissues surrounding the intended site of administration. This can occur during various drug administration routes and preparation procedures, and it is an important consideration in the context of 2.3 Drug Administration Routes, Preparation, and Administration.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Infiltration can occur during various drug administration routes, including intravenous (IV) therapy, subcutaneous injections, and intramuscular injections.
2. Infiltration can lead to tissue damage, pain, and other complications if not recognized and addressed promptly.
3. Factors that increase the risk of infiltration include improper needle placement, fragile veins, and high-osmolarity or irritating medications.
4. Symptoms of infiltration may include swelling, redness, pain, and decreased blood flow at the injection site.
5. Proper technique, site selection, and monitoring during drug administration are crucial to prevent and manage infiltration.

Review Questions

• Explain the potential consequences of infiltration during drug administration and how it can be prevented.
  • Infiltration can lead to serious complications, such as tissue damage, pain, and impaired blood flow at the injection site. To prevent infiltration, healthcare providers must use proper technique, including selecting an appropriate administration route and site, ensuring proper needle placement, and closely monitoring the patient during and after the procedure. Additionally, choosing less irritating medications and avoiding high-osmolarity solutions can help reduce the risk of infiltration.
• Describe the different types of drug administration routes where infiltration can occur and how the risk factors may vary between them.
  • Infiltration can occur during various drug administration routes, including intravenous (IV) therapy, subcutaneous injections, and intramuscular injections. The risk factors may differ between these routes. For example, in IV therapy, the risk may be higher in patients with fragile veins or when administering high-osmolarity medications. In subcutaneous and intramuscular injections, the risk may be increased by improper needle placement or the use of irritating medications. Recognizing the unique risk factors for each administration route is crucial in developing strategies to prevent and manage infiltration.
• Analyze the importance of early recognition and prompt management of infiltration during drug administration, and explain the potential long-term consequences if left untreated.
  • Prompt recognition and management of infiltration are critical to minimize the potential for tissue damage and other complications. If left untreated, infiltration can lead to prolonged pain, swelling, and impaired blood flow, which may result in tissue necrosis, scarring, and even permanent disability. Healthcare providers must be vigilant in monitoring patients for signs of infiltration, such as swelling, redness, and decreased blood flow at the injection site. Immediate intervention, which may include stopping the infusion, aspirating the infiltrated fluid, and administering antidotes or other treatments, can help mitigate the severity of the issue and prevent long-term consequences. Effective management of infiltration is essential to ensure patient safety and optimal therapeutic outcomes.

Related terms

Extravasation:

The accidental leakage of a drug or fluid from a vein or artery into the surrounding tissues, often causing damage.

Subcutaneous Injection:

An injection technique where the drug is administered into the layer of skin between the dermis and the underlying muscle tissue.

Intravenous (IV) Therapy: The administration of fluids, medications, or nutrients directly into a vein, bypassing the digestive system.