Infiltration

Definition

Infiltration refers to the unintended leakage of intravenous (IV) fluid into the surrounding tissue instead of entering the bloodstream through the intended vein. This can occur when the IV catheter becomes dislodged or if the vein becomes damaged, leading to swelling, pain, and potential tissue damage in the area around the catheter site.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Infiltration can lead to symptoms such as swelling, discomfort, and a cool feeling in the area around the IV site.
2. Prompt recognition and intervention are essential in managing infiltration to prevent further complications like tissue damage or necrosis.
3. The risk factors for infiltration include improper placement of the IV catheter, patient movement, and the use of larger gauge catheters.
4. Infiltration is often assessed using a grading scale based on swelling and tenderness, helping guide appropriate nursing interventions.
5. To prevent infiltration, nurses should ensure proper catheter placement, secure the IV site well, and regularly monitor for signs of complications.

Review Questions

• How can a nurse assess for infiltration at an IV site, and what steps should be taken upon identification?
  • A nurse can assess for infiltration by observing for swelling, tenderness, or coolness at the IV site and by comparing it to surrounding tissues. If infiltration is identified, the nurse should stop the infusion immediately, remove the IV catheter, elevate the affected limb, and apply warm or cold compresses depending on severity. Documentation of findings and notifying the healthcare provider is also crucial for further management.
• Discuss the potential consequences of untreated infiltration during intravenous therapy.
  • If infiltration is left untreated, it can lead to significant complications including skin breakdown and tissue necrosis due to prolonged exposure to fluid in the interstitial space. Additionally, there may be psychological effects on patients who experience pain or discomfort from prolonged infiltration. Ultimately, this could result in longer hospital stays and increased healthcare costs due to additional treatments required for tissue repair.
• Evaluate how effective training and monitoring practices can reduce infiltration incidents in a clinical setting.
  • Effective training and regular monitoring practices are essential in reducing infiltration incidents during intravenous therapy. By providing nurses with comprehensive education on proper IV insertion techniques, site assessment skills, and proactive monitoring strategies, healthcare facilities can significantly decrease infiltration rates. Implementing routine audits and feedback sessions can help reinforce best practices and promote a culture of safety, ultimately enhancing patient outcomes and minimizing complications associated with IV therapy.

Related terms

Extravasation: Extravasation is similar to infiltration but involves the leakage of harmful IV medications or solutions into surrounding tissue, which can cause severe injury.

Phlebitis: Phlebitis is the inflammation of a vein, which can occur as a complication of IV therapy and may be associated with infiltration if irritation or injury to the vein happens.

Venous Access Device: A venous access device is any device used to access the venous system for administering fluids or medications, including peripheral IV catheters and central lines.