Diabetes insipidus

Definition

Diabetes insipidus is a disorder characterized by an imbalance of fluids in the body, leading to intense thirst and heavy urination. It is caused by either insufficient secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the pituitary gland or the kidneys' inability to respond to ADH.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Diabetes insipidus is not related to diabetes mellitus, despite having similar names.
2. Central diabetes insipidus occurs due to damage to the hypothalamus or pituitary gland.
3. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus occurs when the kidneys do not respond properly to ADH.
4. Desmopressin is a common pharmacological treatment for central diabetes insipidus.
5. Symptoms include polyuria (excessive urination) and polydipsia (excessive thirst).

Review Questions

• What are the primary causes of central and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?
• Which drug is commonly used in the treatment of central diabetes insipidus?
• What are the main symptoms that indicate a patient might have diabetes insipidus?

Related terms

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH):

A hormone produced by the hypothalamus and stored in the pituitary gland that regulates water balance in the body.

Desmopressin:

A synthetic form of vasopressin used to treat central diabetes insipidus.

Polyuria:

Excessive production and passage of urine.