Intestinal obstruction

Definition

Intestinal obstruction is a blockage in the intestines that prevents the normal passage of contents through the digestive tract. This condition can occur in either the small or large intestine and can lead to severe complications if not treated promptly, as it disrupts nutrient absorption, waste elimination, and can result in bowel ischemia or perforation.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Intestinal obstruction can be classified into two types: mechanical, where there is a physical blockage, and functional, where the intestines fail to function properly.
2. Common causes of mechanical obstruction include hernias, tumors, and strictures, while functional obstructions can be caused by conditions like ileus or certain medications.
3. Symptoms of intestinal obstruction may include abdominal pain, vomiting, bloating, constipation, and inability to pass gas or stool.
4. Diagnosis typically involves imaging studies such as X-rays or CT scans to determine the location and cause of the obstruction.
5. If not treated timely, intestinal obstruction can lead to serious complications such as bowel necrosis, perforation, and sepsis.

Review Questions

• What are the primary differences between mechanical and functional intestinal obstructions?
  • Mechanical obstructions involve a physical blockage in the intestines due to factors like hernias or tumors, while functional obstructions occur when the intestine fails to contract properly without any physical barrier. Understanding these differences helps in diagnosing and treating the condition effectively. Identifying whether an obstruction is mechanical or functional also influences the approach taken for surgical intervention or conservative management.
• Discuss the role of imaging studies in diagnosing intestinal obstruction and why they are crucial.
  • Imaging studies like X-rays and CT scans play a vital role in diagnosing intestinal obstruction by helping to visualize the location and cause of the blockage. These tests provide information on whether there is a physical obstruction present, as well as any potential complications like perforation or ischemia. Accurate imaging is essential for guiding appropriate treatment plans and determining if surgery is needed.
• Evaluate the potential complications of untreated intestinal obstruction and their implications for patient outcomes.
  • Untreated intestinal obstruction can lead to severe complications such as bowel necrosis due to loss of blood supply, perforation that can result in peritonitis, and systemic infection leading to sepsis. These complications significantly impact patient outcomes by increasing morbidity and mortality rates. Timely intervention is critical not only to alleviate symptoms but also to prevent these life-threatening situations from developing.

Related terms

ileus: Ileus is a temporary cessation of bowel activity, often resulting in a functional obstruction without any physical blockage.

volvulus: Volvulus is a specific type of intestinal obstruction where a segment of the intestine twists around itself, potentially cutting off blood supply.

adhesions: Adhesions are bands of fibrous tissue that can form after surgery or inflammation, causing parts of the intestine to stick together and leading to obstruction.