Intestinal obstruction

Definition

Intestinal obstruction is a blockage in the intestines that prevents the normal passage of digestive contents, which can lead to serious complications. It may occur due to various factors, including adhesions, tumors, or hernias. Understanding intestinal obstruction is critical in the context of nutritional support because it influences the decision to use enteral or parenteral nutrition and can lead to complications if not managed properly.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Intestinal obstruction can be classified as either mechanical or functional, with mechanical obstruction being caused by physical blockages and functional obstruction resulting from a lack of motility.
2. Symptoms of intestinal obstruction include abdominal pain, bloating, vomiting, and inability to pass gas or stool, which can indicate the severity of the condition.
3. In cases of suspected intestinal obstruction, timely assessment is essential to determine if enteral nutrition can be safely initiated or if parenteral nutrition is necessary.
4. Complications from untreated intestinal obstruction can include bowel perforation, infection, and sepsis, making prompt medical intervention critical.
5. Nutritional management for patients with intestinal obstruction may involve temporary cessation of oral intake and careful monitoring of hydration and electrolyte balance.

Review Questions

• How does intestinal obstruction affect the decision-making process regarding enteral nutrition for patients?
  • Intestinal obstruction significantly impacts whether enteral nutrition can be utilized. In cases of complete obstruction, enteral feeding is contraindicated as it could worsen symptoms and lead to further complications. However, in partial obstructions where some bowel function remains intact, careful assessment may allow for the consideration of enteral nutrition while monitoring for any signs of worsening obstruction.
• Discuss the potential complications associated with intestinal obstruction in relation to parenteral nutrition administration.
  • When a patient has intestinal obstruction, they may require parenteral nutrition due to an inability to absorb nutrients via the gastrointestinal tract. However, this can lead to complications such as catheter-related infections or metabolic imbalances if not managed correctly. Additionally, if there is bowel ischemia due to prolonged obstruction, parenteral nutrition may exacerbate underlying issues or delay necessary surgical intervention.
• Evaluate the long-term implications of managing patients with intestinal obstruction on their nutritional status and recovery process.
  • Managing patients with intestinal obstruction requires careful consideration of their long-term nutritional needs and recovery. If enteral nutrition cannot be initiated due to severe or recurrent obstructions, reliance on parenteral nutrition may lead to complications such as liver dysfunction or nutrient deficiencies over time. Ensuring adequate nutritional support is crucial for healing and recovery; thus, addressing any underlying causes of obstruction should be part of a comprehensive treatment plan.

Related terms

Enteral Nutrition:

A method of delivering nutrients directly into the gastrointestinal tract through a feeding tube.

Parenteral Nutrition:

The intravenous administration of nutrients, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract, often used when enteral feeding is not possible.

Bowel Ischemia: A condition where blood flow to the intestines is reduced, often due to obstruction, leading to tissue damage and necrosis.