Red blood cells

Definition

Red blood cells (RBCs) are the most abundant cell type in the blood, responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to tissues and returning carbon dioxide back to the lungs for exhalation. They contain the protein hemoglobin, which binds to oxygen and gives blood its red color.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Red blood cells have a lifespan of approximately 120 days, after which they are broken down by the spleen.
2. Iron is a crucial nutrient for RBC production as it is a key component of hemoglobin.
3. Vitamin B12 and folate are essential for DNA synthesis in RBC production; deficiencies can lead to anemia.
4. Hypoxia (low oxygen levels) triggers erythropoietin release from the kidneys, which stimulates RBC production in the bone marrow.
5. Nutritional deficiencies or excessive loss of nutrients can lead to various forms of anemia, impacting overall hematologic health.

Review Questions

• What role does iron play in the function of red blood cells?
• How do vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies affect red blood cell production?
• What triggers the release of erythropoietin and how does it impact red blood cell production?

Related terms

Hemoglobin: A protein in red blood cells that binds to oxygen and transports it throughout the body.

Anemia:

A condition characterized by a deficiency in red blood cells or hemoglobin, leading to fatigue and weakness.

Erythropoiesis:

The process by which new red blood cells are produced in the bone marrow.