Successive over-relaxation (SOR) is an iterative method used to solve linear systems of equations, particularly useful for large sparse matrices arising from finite difference methods for elliptic partial differential equations. It improves upon the basic Gauss-Seidel method by introducing a relaxation factor that accelerates convergence, allowing for faster approximations of the solution. This method is especially beneficial when dealing with boundary value problems commonly associated with elliptic PDEs.
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