John Milton

Definition

John Milton was an English poet, polemicist, and civil servant, best known for his epic poem 'Paradise Lost,' which explores themes of free will, temptation, and the human condition. His works are heavily influenced by classical mythology and Judeo-Christian theology, making him a pivotal figure in the intersection of literature and mythological narratives during the Renaissance period.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. John Milton was born on December 9, 1608, in London, England, and he became a prominent figure in English literature despite being blind for the last years of his life.
2. 'Paradise Lost' was published in 1667 and is considered one of the greatest works of English literature, renowned for its rich language and profound philosophical insights.
3. Milton's portrayal of biblical characters challenges traditional interpretations; for instance, he presents Satan as a tragic figure rather than purely evil, inviting readers to explore themes of choice and consequence.
4. Milton’s work draws heavily on classical mythology, incorporating references to Greek and Roman myths that enhance the complexity of his characters and themes.
5. His writings advocate for individual liberty and the importance of free will, reflecting the Enlightenment ideals that emerged during the Renaissance.

Review Questions

• How does John Milton's portrayal of Satan in 'Paradise Lost' reflect themes related to free will and moral complexity?
  • In 'Paradise Lost,' John Milton portrays Satan as a multifaceted character who embodies both rebellion against divine authority and the tragic consequences of choice. This representation allows readers to grapple with the concept of free will as Satan’s decisions lead to his downfall. By presenting Satan not just as a villain but as a tragic figure capable of invoking sympathy, Milton invites readers to reflect on the nature of morality and the complexities inherent in human decisions.
• Analyze how John Milton’s use of classical mythology influences his themes in 'Paradise Lost.'
  • Milton's integration of classical mythology in 'Paradise Lost' enriches his exploration of themes such as temptation, sin, and redemption. By referencing figures from Greek and Roman myths alongside biblical characters, he creates a layered narrative that emphasizes the universality of human struggles. For instance, he parallels Satan’s rebellion with stories of mythological figures like Prometheus, thus deepening the reader's understanding of defiance against divine power and its consequences.
• Evaluate how John Milton’s ideas about free will in 'Paradise Lost' reflect broader Renaissance humanist values and their impact on literature.
  • Milton's exploration of free will in 'Paradise Lost' serves as a reflection of Renaissance humanism, which emphasizes individual agency and moral responsibility. His argument that humanity has the power to choose between good and evil illustrates a departure from deterministic views prevalent in earlier religious thought. This focus on personal choice not only aligns with humanist ideals but also significantly impacts literature by encouraging writers to address themes of autonomy and ethical dilemmas, paving the way for later literary movements that prioritize personal freedom.

Related terms

Paradise Lost:

'Paradise Lost' is an epic poem written by John Milton that narrates the biblical story of the Fall of Man, depicting Adam and Eve's temptation by Satan and their subsequent expulsion from the Garden of Eden.

Satan:

In 'Paradise Lost,' Satan is portrayed as a complex character who embodies rebellion against God, ultimately leading to his fall from grace and serving as a symbol of temptation and despair.

Renaissance Humanism:

Renaissance Humanism is an intellectual movement that emphasized the value of human beings and classical learning, which greatly influenced Milton's writings and his views on free will and morality.