Semiconservative replication

Definition

Semiconservative replication is the process by which DNA is replicated in cells, producing two copies that each contain one original strand and one newly synthesized strand. This ensures genetic continuity from one generation to the next.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. During semiconservative replication, each of the two new DNA molecules consists of one old (parental) strand and one new strand.
2. The concept of semiconservative replication was first demonstrated by the Meselson-Stahl experiment in 1958.
3. DNA helicase unwinds the double helix to allow for the synthesis of new strands during replication.
4. DNA polymerase is the enzyme responsible for adding nucleotides to form the new complementary strand.
5. Okazaki fragments are short sequences of DNA nucleotides synthesized discontinuously on the lagging strand during replication.

Review Questions

• What enzyme is responsible for adding nucleotides during semiconservative replication?
• Describe how semiconservative replication ensures genetic continuity.
• Explain what Okazaki fragments are and their role in DNA replication.

Related terms

DNA Polymerase:

An enzyme that synthesizes new strands of DNA complementary to the template strands.

Helicase:

An enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix ahead of the replication fork.

Okazaki Fragments:

Short sequences of DNA nucleotides synthesized on the lagging strand during DNA replication.