Retroviruses

Definition

Retroviruses are a family of enveloped viruses that replicate in a host cell through the process of reverse transcription. They integrate their RNA genome into the DNA of the host cell, which is then transcribed and translated by the host machinery.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Retroviruses contain an enzyme called reverse transcriptase, which allows them to convert their RNA into DNA.
2. HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is one of the most well-known retroviruses and targets the immune system.
3. Retroviruses can lead to chronic infections and have been linked to certain cancers, such as Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL).
4. The replication cycle of retroviruses involves integration of viral DNA into the host genome, making it difficult to eradicate.
5. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is used to manage infections caused by retroviruses like HIV.

Review Questions

• What enzyme do retroviruses use to convert RNA into DNA?
• Name a well-known disease caused by a retrovirus.
• Why are infections caused by retroviruses challenging to eliminate?

Related terms

Reverse Transcriptase:

An enzyme used by retroviruses to synthesize DNA from their RNA genome.

HIV:

A retrovirus that causes AIDS by attacking and weakening the immune system.

Antiretroviral Therapy (ART):

A treatment regimen used to manage and control infections caused by retroviruses like HIV.