Latent virus

Definition

A latent virus is a virus that enters a state of dormancy within the host cell and does not replicate immediately after infection. It can reactivate later to produce new viral particles.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Latent viruses integrate their genetic material into the host genome.
2. They can remain dormant for years before reactivating.
3. Reactivation can be triggered by stress, immunosuppression, or other environmental factors.
4. Examples of latent viruses include herpes simplex virus and varicella-zoster virus.
5. During latency, the viral genome is maintained in the host cell without causing cell death.

Review Questions

• What triggers the reactivation of a latent virus?
• Give two examples of latent viruses.
• How does a latent virus differ from an active viral infection?

Related terms

Lysogenic Cycle: A type of viral replication where the viral DNA integrates into the host genome and replicates along with it without killing the host.

Provirus: Viral DNA that is integrated into the DNA of a host cell and can exist in a dormant state.

Reactivation: The process by which a dormant virus becomes active again and begins to replicate within the host.