Hyaluronidase

Definition

Hyaluronidase is an enzyme that breaks down hyaluronic acid, a component of the extracellular matrix. This activity facilitates the spread of pathogens through tissues.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Hyaluronidase is often referred to as a 'spreading factor' because it helps bacteria invade deeper tissues by breaking down hyaluronic acid.
2. Many pathogenic bacteria, including Streptococcus and Staphylococcus species, produce hyaluronidase as a virulence factor.
3. The enzyme's action on hyaluronic acid reduces the viscosity of the extracellular matrix, allowing easier movement for bacteria.
4. In skin infections, hyaluronidase aids in the rapid dissemination of bacteria from initial infection sites to surrounding tissues.
5. Hyaluronidase activity is associated with increased severity in respiratory tract infections caused by certain bacterial pathogens.

Review Questions

• What role does hyaluronidase play in bacterial pathogenicity?
• Name two types of bacteria that produce hyaluronidase.
• How does hyaluronidase contribute to the spread of skin infections?

Related terms

Virulence Factor: A molecule produced by pathogens that contributes to their ability to cause disease.

Extracellular Matrix: A network of proteins and carbohydrates outside cells that provides structural and biochemical support.

Streptococcus:

A genus of coccus-shaped bacteria known for causing various infections including strep throat and skin infections.