Herpes simplex virus

Definition

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a double-stranded DNA virus that causes infections in humans, characterized by latent and recurrent infections. There are two main types: HSV-1 primarily causes oral herpes, while HSV-2 mainly causes genital herpes.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. HSV has two main types: HSV-1 and HSV-2.
2. The virus can establish latency in nerve cells, leading to recurrent infections.
3. HSV-1 is commonly transmitted through oral contact, while HSV-2 is typically spread through sexual contact.
4. Antiviral medications like acyclovir can reduce symptoms but do not cure the infection.
5. HSV can be diagnosed through PCR testing, viral cultures, or serological tests.

Review Questions

• What are the primary differences between HSV-1 and HSV-2?
• How does Herpes simplex virus establish latency in the body?
• What diagnostic methods are used to detect Herpes simplex virus?

Related terms

Latency: A state where a virus persists in the host without causing immediate disease.

Acyclovir: An antiviral medication used to treat herpes simplex infections.

PCR Testing: A molecular technique used to amplify and detect DNA sequences of pathogens.