Cryptococcus

Definition

Cryptococcus is a genus of encapsulated yeast and includes species that can cause severe infections in humans, notably Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. These fungi are primarily known for causing cryptococcosis, especially in immunocompromised individuals.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Cryptococcus produces a thick polysaccharide capsule that serves as a major virulence factor by inhibiting phagocytosis.
2. The primary infection site is the lungs, but the fungus can disseminate to the central nervous system, causing meningoencephalitis.
3. Cryptococcus neoformans is often associated with pigeon droppings and decaying wood.
4. Diagnosis typically involves culture, cryptococcal antigen testing, and microscopic examination of clinical specimens stained with India ink.
5. Treatment commonly includes antifungal medications such as amphotericin B and flucytosine followed by fluconazole.

Review Questions

Related terms

Polysaccharide Capsule:

A thick layer surrounding some pathogens, aiding in evading host immune responses.

Meningoencephalitis:

Inflammation of both the meninges and the brain, often caused by infectious agents.

Antifungal Medications: Drugs used to treat fungal infections; examples include amphotericin B and fluconazole.