Chickenpox

Definition

Chickenpox is a highly contagious viral infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus, characterized by an itchy rash and red spots or blisters. It primarily affects children but can occur in individuals of any age.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Chickenpox is caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), which is a type of herpesvirus.
2. The disease spreads through respiratory droplets or direct contact with the fluid from chickenpox blisters.
3. Vaccination with the varicella vaccine significantly reduces the incidence and severity of chickenpox.
4. Complications from chickenpox can include bacterial infections, pneumonia, and encephalitis, especially in immunocompromised individuals.
5. After recovery from chickenpox, VZV can remain dormant in nerve tissues and may reactivate later in life to cause shingles.

Review Questions

• What type of virus causes chickenpox?
• How does chickenpox primarily spread between individuals?
• What long-term condition can result from the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus?

Related terms

Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV): A herpesvirus that causes both chickenpox and shingles.

Shingles: A reactivation of VZV that results in a painful rash, occurring typically later in life.

Varicella Vaccine: An immunization used to protect against primary infection with varicella-zoster virus.